The words Left and Right were at first used by their opponents as slurs. īeginning in the early twentieth century, the terms "left" and "right" came to be associated with specific political ideologies and were used to describe citizens' political beliefs, gradually replacing the terms " reds" and "the reaction". The beliefs of the group called the Radical Left were actually closer to the Centre Left than the beliefs of those called the Extreme Left. With the establishment of the Third Republic in 1871, the terms were adopted by political parties: the Republican Left, the Centre Right and the Centre Left (1871) and the Extreme Left (1876) and Radical Left (1881). After 1848, the main opposing camps were the " democratic socialists" and the " reactionaries" who used red and white flags to identify their party affiliation. The terms "left" and "right" were not used to refer to political ideology per se, but only to seating in the legislature.
The terms extreme right and extreme left as well as centre-right and centre-left came to be used to describe the nuances of ideology of different sections of the assembly.
The "constitutionals" sat in the centre while independents sat on the left. The majority ultraroyalists chose to sit on the right. However, following the Restoration in 1814–1815 political clubs were again formed. The new constitution included rules for the assembly that would "break up the party groups". However, following the Thermidorian Reaction of 1794 the members of the far-left were excluded and the method of seating was abolished. When the succeeding National Convention met in 1792, the seating arrangement continued, but following the coup d'état of 2 June 1793 and the arrest of the Girondins the right side of the assembly was deserted and any remaining members who had sat there moved to the centre. "Innovators" sat on the left, "moderates" gathered in the centre, while the "conscientious defenders of the constitution" found themselves sitting on the right, where the defenders of the Ancien Régime had previously gathered. When the National Assembly was replaced in 1791 by a Legislative Assembly comprising entirely new members, the divisions continued.
#WHICH IS RIGHT AND LEFT WING FREE#
One deputy, the Baron de Gauville, explained: "We began to recognize each other: those who were loyal to religion and the king took up positions to the right of the chair so as to avoid the shouts, oaths, and indecencies that enjoyed free rein in the opposing camp". The terms "left" and "right" appeared during the French Revolution of 1789 when members of the National Assembly divided into supporters of the king to the president's right and supporters of the revolution to his left. In France, where the terms originated, the left has been called "the party of movement" and the right "the party of order". On this type of political spectrum, left-wing politics and right-wing politics are often presented as opposed, although a particular individual or group may take a left-wing stance on one matter and a right-wing stance on another and some stances may overlap and be considered either left-wing or right-wing depending on the ideology. There are those who view the left-right political spectrum as overly simplistic, and who reject this method of classifying political stands, suggesting instead some other system, such as a two-dimensional rather than a one-dimensional description. In addition to positions on the left and on the right, there are centrists or moderates who are not strongly aligned with either end of the spectrum.
The left–right political spectrum is a system of classifying political positions characteristic of left-right politics, ideologies and parties with emphasis placed on issues of social equality and social hierarchy.
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